Nhanganyaya

NAD + yakakosha pakusikwa kwesimba mumuviri uye kudzora kwakakosha cellular maitiro.Heino chikonzero nei ichikosha, kuti yakawanikwa sei, uye kuti iwe unogona sei kuwana yakawanda yacho.

Iyo NAD+ Ine Simba Sei

Vhura chero bhuku rezvinyorwa zvebiology uye iwe uchadzidza nezveNAD+, inomiririra nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.Iyo yakakosha coenzyme inowanikwa musero rega rega mumuviri wako inobatanidzwa mumazana ema metabolic maitiro senge cellular simba uye hutano hwemitochondrial.NAD + inonetsa kushanda mumasero evanhu nezvimwe zvinoyamwisa, mbiriso uye mabhakitiriya, kunyangwe zvidyarwa.

Masayendisiti akaziva nezveNAD + kubvira payakatanga kuwanikwa muna 1906, uye kubva ipapo kunzwisisa kwedu kukosha kwayo kwakaramba kuchishanduka.Semuenzaniso, iyo NAD + precursor niacin yakaita basa mukuderedza pellagra, chirwere chinouraya chakatambudza kumaodzanyemba kweAmerica muma1900.Masayendisiti panguva iyoyo akaziva kuti mukaka uye mbiriso, izvo zvese zvine NAD + precursors, zvakaderedza zviratidzo.Nekufamba kwenguva masayendisiti akaona akati wandei eNAD + precursors - anosanganisira nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, uye nicotinamide riboside, pakati pevamwe - ayo anoshandisa nzira dzechisikigo dzinotungamira kuNAD +.Funga nezveNAD+ precursors senzira dzakasiyana dzaungatora kuti usvike kwauchaenda.Nzira dzese dzinokuendesa kunzvimbo imwechete asi nenzira dzakasiyana dzekufambisa.

Nguva pfupi yadarika, NAD+ yave molecule yakakosha mukutsvagisa kwesainzi nekuda kwebasa rayo repakati mumabasa ebhayoloji.Nharaunda yesainzi yanga ichitsvaga kuti NAD+ ine hukama sei neakakosha mabhenefiti mumhuka dzinoramba dzichikurudzira vaongorori kuti vashandure zvakawanikwa izvi kuvanhu.Saka NAD+ inoita sei basa rakakosha kudaro?Muchidimbu, iyo coenzyme kana "mubatsiri" molecule, inosungirira kune mamwe maenzayimu kubatsira kukonzeresa maitiro pane molecular level.

Asi muviri hauna magumo ekupihwa kweNAD +.Kutaura zvazviri, inoderera nezera.Nhoroondo yekutsvagisa kweNAD+, uye nekugadzwa kwayo munharaunda yesainzi, yakavhura mafashama esainzi kuti vaongorore kuchengetedza mazinga eNAD+ uye kuwana mamwe NAD+.

Chii chinonzi Nhoroondo yeNAD+?

NAD + yakatanga kuzivikanwa Sir Arthur Harden naWilliam John Mudiki muna 1906 apo vaviri vacho vakavavarira kunzwisisa zviri nani kuviriswa - umo mbiriso inogadzika shuga uye kugadzira doro uye CO2.Zvakatora makore anoda kusvika makumi maviri kuti iwedzere kucherechedzwa NAD+, apo Harden akagovera 1929 Nobel Prize muChemistry naHans von Euler-Chelpin pabasa ravo rekuvirisa.Euler-Chelpin akaona kuti chimiro cheNAD+ chinoumbwa nemanyucleotide maviri, zvivharo zvekuvaka zve nucleic acids, izvo zvinoumba DNA.Kuwana kuti kuvirisa, metabolic process, yaivimba neNAD + yakafanofananidzira izvo zvatiri kuziva nezveNAD + ichiita basa rakakosha mumaitiro emetabolism muvanhu.

Euler-Chelpin, muhurukuro yake yeNobel Prize muna 1930, akadana NAD + secosymase, iyo yaimbodaidzwa kuti, kuratidza simba rayo."Chikonzero chekuti tiite basa rakawanda pakucheneswa uye kutsunga kwebumbiro remutemo wechinhu ichi," akadaro, "ndechokuti cosymase ndeimwe yeanonyanya kukosha uye anonyanya kukosha mukati mezvirimwa nemhuka."

Otto Heinrich Warburg - anozivikanwa ne "Warburg effect" - akasundira sainzi mberi muma1930s, netsvakiridzo yaitsanangura kuti NAD+ ichiita basa mukuchinja kwemetabolism.Muna 1931, vemakemikari Conrad A. Elvehjem naCK Koehn vakaona kuti nicotinic acid, inotangira NAD+, ndiyo yaideredza pellagra.United States Public Health Service Chiremba Joseph Goldberger akamboona kuti chirwere chinouraya chakabatana nechinhu chisipo mukudya, chaakazodaidza kuti PPF ye "pellagra kudzivirira chinhu."Goldberger akafa kusati kwawanikwa kwekupedzisira kuti yaive nicotinic acid, asi mipiro yake yakatungamira mukuwanikwa, izvo zvakazozivisawo mutemo unozotevera unoraira kusimbiswa kwehupfu nemupunga pachiyero chepasirese.

Makore gumi akatevera, Arthur Kornberg, uyo akazohwina Mubayiro weNobel yekuratidza magadzirirwo eDNA neRNA, yakawanikwa NAD synthetase, iyo enzyme inoita NAD +.Tsvagiridzo iyi yakaratidza kutanga kwekunzwisisa zvivakwa zvekuvaka zveNAD +.Muna 1958, masayendisiti Jack Preiss naPhilip Handler vakatsanangura izvo zvino zvinozivikanwa sePreiss-Handler nzira.Iyo nzira inoratidza kuti nicotinic acid - iyo yakafanana fomu yevhitamini B3 yakabatsira kurapa pellagra - inova NAD +.Izvi zvakabatsira masayendisiti kuwedzera kunzwisisa basa reNAD ​​+ mukudya.Handler akazowana National Medal of Science kubva kuMutungamiri Ronald Reagan, akataura nezve "zvipo zvakatanhamara zvaHandler mukutsvagisa biomedical… kusimudzira mamiriro esainzi yeAmerica."

Nepo masayendisiti akange ave kuona kukosha kweNAD +, vaive vasati vawana kuomesesa kwayo padanho remaserura.Tekinoroji dziri kuuya mukutsvagisa kwesainzi dzakasanganiswa nekuzivikanwa kwakazara kwekukosha kwecoenzyme pakupedzisira kwakakurudzira masayendisiti kuti aenderere mberi nekudzidza mamorekuru.

NAD+ inoshanda sei mumuviri?

NAD + inoshanda sebhazi rekuvhara, kuendesa maerekitironi kubva kune imwe molecule kuenda kune imwe mukati memasero kuita marudzi ese ekuita uye maitiro.Iine mumwe wayo wemolecular, NADH, iyi molekuru yakakosha inotora chikamu mukusiyana kwemetabolism inoburitsa simba resero redu.Pasina mazinga eNAD+ akakwana, maseru edu haaizokwanisa kuburitsa chero simba rekurarama nekuita mabasa awo.Mamwe mabasa eNAD + anosanganisira kudzora rhythm yedu yecircadian, iyo inodzora kurara / kumuka kwemuviri wedu.

Sezvo isu tichikura, mazinga eNAD + anodonha, zvichiratidza zvakakosha mukushanda kwemetabolism uye zvirwere zvine hukama nezera.DNA kukuvadzwa kunounganidza uye snowballs nekuchembera.

Chii chinoitika kana NAD + mazinga akaderedzwa?

Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvinoratidza kuderedzwa kweNAD + mazinga mune zvakakanganisika zvinovaka muviri, senge kufutisa, uye kuchembera.Kuderedzwa kweNAD + mazinga kunogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko nemetabolism.Aya matambudziko anogona kukonzera kusagadzikana, kusanganisira kufutisa uye insulin kuramba.Kufutisa kunokonzera chirwere cheshuga neBP.

Metabolic kusagadzikana kunokonzerwa neiyo yakaderera NAD + level inodzika pasi.High blood pressure uye kumwe kuderera kwekushanda kwemoyo kunogona kutumira mafungu anokuvadza ekumanikidza kuhuropi izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukukanganisika kwekuziva.

Kutarisa NAD + metabolism inzira inoshanda yekudya kunovaka muviri mukudzivirira kubva kune metabolic uye zvimwe zvirwere zvine hukama nezera.Mapoka akati wandei akaita zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuwedzera neNAD + boosters inovandudza insulin kuramba kubva pakufutisa.Mune mbeva mhando dzezvirwere zvine hukama nezera, kuwedzera neNAD + boosters inovandudza zviratidzo zvezvirwere.Izvi zvinoratidza kuderedzwa kweNAD + mazinga nezera anogona kubatsira kutanga kwezvirwere zvine chekuita nezera.

Kudzivirira kudzikira kweNAD + kunopa zano rinovimbisa kurwisa kusagadzikana kwemasabolism nezera.Sezvo mazinga eNAD + achiderera nezera, izvi zvinogona kutungamira mukuderedzwa kweDNA kugadziriswa, cellular stress mhinduro, uye kudzora kwesimba metabolism.

Zvinogona Kubatsira

NAD + yakakosha kune mhando 'mitochondrial kuchengetedza uye gene regulation maererano nekuchembera.Nekudaro, iyo nhanho yeNAD + mumuviri wedu inodzikira zvakanyanya nezera."Patinokura, tinorasikirwa neNAD +.Paunenge wava nemakore 50, unenge wava neinenge hafu yemwero wawaimbova nawo pawaiva nemakore 20,” anodaro David Sinclair weHarvard University mubvunzurudzo.

Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kudzikira kwemamorekuru anobatana nezvirwere zvine chekuita nezera zvinosanganisira kukurumidza kuchembera, kusagadzikana kwemetabolism, chirwere chemoyo, uye neurodegeneration.Akaderera mazinga eNAD + ane hukama nechirwere chezera nekuda kwekusashanda kwemasabolism.Asi kuzadza mazinga eNAD + kwakaratidza mhedzisiro yekurwisa kuchembera mumhando dzemhuka, zvichiratidza mhedzisiro inovimbisa mukudzoreredza zvirwere zvine chekuita nezera, kuwedzera hupenyu uye hutano.

Kuchembera

Anozivikanwa se "varindi ve genomes," sirtuin majini anodzivirira zvipenyu, kubva kune zvinomera kusvika kune zvinoyamwisa, kubva pakuipa uye zvirwere.Kana majini akanzwa kuti muviri uri pasi pekunetsekana, sekurovedza muviri kana nzara, inotumira mauto kunodzivirira muviri.Sirtuins inotsigira kutendeseka kwegenome, inosimudzira kugadzirisa kweDNA uye yakaratidza anti-kuchembera zvine hukama mumhando yemhuka sekuwedzera hupenyu.

NAD + ndiyo mafuta anotyaira majini kuti ashande.Asi senge mota haigone kutyaira isina mafuta ayo, sirtuins inoda NAD +.Mhedzisiro kubva kuzvidzidzo inoratidza kuti kusimudza NAD + nhanho mumuviri inomutsa sirtuins uye inowedzera hupenyu mumbiriso, makonye, ​​uye mbeva.Kunyangwe NAD + kuzadzazve kuchiratidza mhedzisiro inovimbisa mumhando dzemhuka, masayendisiti achiri kudzidza kuti mhedzisiro iyi inogona kududzira sei kuvanhu.

Basa retsandanyama

Sesimba remuviri, basa remitochondrial rakakosha pakuita kwedu maekisesaizi.NAD+ imwe yemakiyi ekuchengetedza mitochondria ine hutano uye yakatsiga kubuda kwesimba.

Kuwedzera NAD + mazinga mumhasuru anogona kuvandudza mitochondria yayo uye kusimba mumakonzo.Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakare zvinoratidza kuti mbeva dzinotora NAD + boosters dzakatetepa uye dzinogona kumhanya kuenda kure pane treadmill, dzichiratidza kugona kwepamusoro kwekurovedza muviri.Mhuka dzakura dzine mwero wepamusoro weNAD + dzinopfuura vezera rayo.

Metabolic disorders

Chichinzi denda neWorld Health Organisation (WHO), kufutisa ndechimwe chezvirwere zvakajairika munzanga yemazuva ano.Kufutisa kunogona kutungamira kune mamwe matambudziko emetabolism akadai seshuga, iyo yakauraya vanhu 1.6 miriyoni pasi rose muna 2016.

Kuchembera uye kudya kwakawanda-mafuta kunoderedza mwero weNAD + mumuviri.Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kutora NAD + boosters kunogona kudzikisira kudya-kwakabatana uye zera-kwakabatana huremu mumakonzo uye kunatsiridza kugona kwavo kurovedza muviri, kunyangwe mumakonzo akura.Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakatodzora mhedzisiro yechirwere cheshuga mumakonzo echikadzi, zvichiratidza nzira nyowani dzekurwisa metabolic kusagadzikana.

Mwoyo kushanda

Kunaka kwetsinga kunoita sechivhariso pakati pemasaisai ekumanikidza anotumirwa nekurova kwemoyo.Asi tsinga dzakaoma sezvatinokura, zvichikonzera kukwira kweropa, iyo inonyanya kukosha yengozi yechirwere chemoyo.Munhu mumwe chete anofa nechirwere chemwoyo mumasekonzi 37 oga oga muUnited States moga, CDC inoshuma.

High blood pressure inogona kukonzera moyo wakakurisa uye kuvharika kwetsinga dzinotungamirira kusitiroko.Kusimudzira NAD + mazinga kunopa dziviriro kumoyo, kunatsiridza mabasa emoyo.Mumakonzo, NAD + boosters yakazadza mazinga eNAD + mumoyo kusvika kumatanho ekutanga uye kudzivirira kukuvara kumoyo kunokonzerwa nekushaikwa kwekuyerera kweropa.Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti NAD + boosters inogona kuchengetedza mbeva kubva kune abnormal moyo kukura.

NAD+ inowedzera hupenyu here?

Hungu, zvinodaro.Dai uri mbeva.Kuwedzera NAD+ ine boosters, senge NMN neNR, inogona kuwedzera hupenyu uye hutano mumakonzo.

Kuwedzera NAD + mazinga anopa mwero mhedzisiro nekuwedzera hupenyu mumakonzo.Uchishandisa iyo NAD + precursor, NR, masayendisiti anowana mune chidzidzo chakaburitswa mukatiSayenzi, 2016, NR yekuwedzera inowedzera hupenyu hwemakonzo neinosvika mashanu muzana.

Yakakwidziridzwa NAD + mazinga zvakare inopa dziviriro kubva kune dzakasiyana siyana zvirwere zvine chekuita nezera.Kudzivirirwa pazvirwere zvine chekuita nezera kunoreva kurarama hupenyu hune hutano kwenguva yakareba, kuwedzera hutano.

Asi izvo, mamwe masayendisiti anorwisa kuchembera saSinclair anoona mhedzisiro muongororo yemhuka yakabudirira kuti ivo, ivo pachavo, vari kutora NAD + boosters.Nekudaro, mamwe masayendisiti saFelipe Sierra weNational Institute on kuchembera kuNIH haafunge kuti mushonga wagadzirira.“Chikuru ndechekuti ini handiedzi chimwe chezvinhu izvi.Ndodii ini?Nekuti handisi mbeva,” akadaro.

Kumbeva, kutsvaka “mutsime roupwere” kungave kwakaguma.Zvisinei, kuvanhu, masayendisiti anobvuma kuti hatisati tavapo.Miedzo yemakiriniki yeNMN neNR muvanhu inogona kupa mhedzisiro mumakore mashoma anotevera.

Ramangwana reNAD+

Sezvo "silver wave" inopinda mukati, mhinduro yezera-yakabatana zvirwere zvisingaperi kusimudza hutano uye mutoro wehupfumi inova yekukurumidzira.Masayendisiti anogona kunge akawana mhinduro inogoneka: NAD +.

Yakadaidzwa kuti "chishamiso molecule" yekugona kudzoreredza uye kuchengetedza hutano hweserura, NAD + yakaratidza akasiyana mikana mukurapa chirwere chemoyo, chirwere cheshuga, Alzheimer's, uye kufutisa mumhando dzemhuka.Nekudaro, kunzwisisa kuti zvidzidzo mumhuka zvinogona kuturikira sei kuvanhu inhanho inotevera yekuti masayendisiti ave nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye kushanda kwemorekuru.

Masayendisiti anovavarira kunyatsonzwisisa biochemical mashandiro emorekuru uye tsvagiridzo yeNAD + metabolism inoenderera.Iwo mamesheni emorekuru anogona kuburitsa chakavanzika chekuunza anti-kuchembera sainzi kubva pabhenji kuenda padivi pemubhedha.